Os Conflitos Ambientais e a Justiça Ambiental: Uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura

Abstract

Environmental conflicts arise from environmental damage or the threat thereof, and the negative consequences are absorbed, to a large extent, by vulnerable groups (poor, black people, women, indigenous people and other traditional populations) who suffer disproportionate social and environmental impacts. Environmental justice seeks socio-environmental equity, involving vulnerable communities and groups in the defense of natural resources. This study aims to investigate how academic research is discussing Environmental Conflicts and Environmental Justice based on a systematic literature review (SLR). In view of this, an exploratory-descriptive research of a qualitative nature was adopted as materials and methods, using the PRISMA and Content Analysis methods of Bardin (2016). The search was carried out on April 18, 2024 in the Web of Science database, using the words "environmental conflict*" AND "environmental justice" as query in topics, titles, abstracts and keywords. The Atlas software was used as a tool to aid content analysis. ti version 24. which served as support for the analysis and interpretation of results. The analysis of results shows that conflicts arise from the struggle for natural resources, such as mining and oil extraction, generating disputes due to environmental contamination. Several studies analyze ecological-distributional conflicts, impacts of resource extraction, conflict management strategies and the importance of community participation and co-production of sustainable practices to promote environmental justice and sustainability. This study contributes to the discussion of the formation of socio-environmental awareness and its interdependent relationships in search of the promotion of environmental justice.