Impactos econômicos, sociais e ambientais da geração de energia eólica em comunidades do Rio Grande do Norte

Abstract

This study’s objective is to present the benefits and impacts arising from the implementation of wind energy generation companies in communities in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The study is based on the stakeholder theory. For this, technical visits were made in two wind farms owned by a multinational producer, in addition to five communities of influence of these parks. Interviews were applied in the company and in the neighboring community that suffers direct impact from wind turbines. Another data collection instrument was the independent audit report and the corporation's socio-environmental reports. The results point to positive aspects of remuneration and job creation, with unanimity among the company, residents and audit reports on the benefits of job creation and positive impacts on local income. Despite income being a positive factor, there are dissatisfactions about fluctuations in amounts paid and lack of transparency. It was possible to observe a corporate contribution to sustainable development, with actions on wildlife whose construct was identified synergy in the information collected, with respect for forestry. Finally, significant environmental impacts such as noise pollution and atmospheric emissions in the form of dust were also identified.