Reflexões sobre desenvolvimento sustentável e sustentabilidade: categorias polissêmicas
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Desenvolvimento sustentável, sustentabilidade, ensaio teórico.Resumo
A popularização recente do termo desenvolvimento sustentável acabou por ocasionar modismos na sua utilização, diluindo o rigor científico em suas abordagens e valorizando elementos de senso comum em um universo de definições. De forma semelhante, essa difusão também se deu com o termo sustentabilidade, expressão comumente relacionada com o fenômeno do desenvolvimento sustentável e que, às vezes, aparece como seu sinônimo. Neste contexto, este ensaio se propõe a discutir alguns dos principais conceitos de desenvolvimento sustentável e sustentabilidade, tendo em vista uma caracterização de ambos os fenômenos, dos conceitos e definições mais abrangentes (macro países) para os menos abrangentes (micro organizações). Considera-se ao fim que, longe de ser um ponto negativo, essa ambiguidade ou multiplicidade de visões vem a atestar características de dinamismo, heterogeneidade e contingencialidade para o fenômeno do desenvolvimento sustentável. De forma semelhante, o fenômeno da sustentabilidade também reflete uma multidimensionalidade própria, sendo considerada ora atributo necessário para os padrões de desenvolvimento sustentável, ora uma característica dos seus processos e práticas, ou mesmo uma propriedade de ecossistemas e sociedades humanas, desenvolvida dentro do contexto das organizações.
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